Scientists to Attempt Breeding Swallowtail Butterflies from Eggs Frozen in Liquid Nitrogen
Scientists are set to endeavor to breed swallowtail butterflies from ova that have been cryopreserved in nitrogen at -196°C, in a test to determine if cryopreservation could aid the preservation of Britain’s largest native species.
In a groundbreaking project, experts will preserve embryos of captive-bred Papilio machaon gorganus in liquid nitrogen and then strive to rear butterflies from the thawed specimens, comparing their success with butterflies reared from eggs that have remained unfrozen.
Should this approach work, it could result in genetic material of the British swallowtail being stored to support long-term conservation strategies, such as breeding programmes and reintroduction projects.
The Plight of the British Swallowtail
The British swallowtail is a distinct variant but its habitat is shrinking and it is vulnerable to extinction, confined to marshy areas of the Norfolk Broads expected to be inundated by rising seas over the next century. In 2024, it experienced its worst year since scientific records began.
Collaborative Efforts in Freezing Technology Studies
Freezing techniques for Lepidoptera is being tested by researchers from a university in partnership with a wildlife park and a charity specialising in biobanking for wildlife.
“This initiative will integrate fieldwork and lab research to determine whether we can establish a effective technique for preserving the British swallowtail’s genetic material by using its similar, but more common, European cousin. Freezing preservation is a promising tool for supporting conservation efforts, but we believe this is the first time it has been attempted with butterflies.”
An conservation expert stated: “Our commitment to the science of entomology, and especially butterfly conservation, means this project is a natural fit for us. Partnering with research institutions and non-profits allows us to utilize our knowledge to projects that could make a real difference in protecting the native species for generations to come.”
“This project holds significant importance for the advancement of cryopreservation techniques – not only for the British swallowtail, but across pollinators and invertebrates as a whole.”
Looking Ahead
If successful, this technique could pave the way for broader use in preserving threatened insects and strengthening worldwide ecosystems.
